LAUSR

Pulp and periapical pathosis and the role of microbes has been investigated and documented. Persistant bacteria in biofilms have a wide range of characteristics including The role of microorganisms within the root canal system in causing pulp and periapical pathosis has been investigated and well documented. Bacteria that persist in biofilms show a wide range of characteristics such as, increased protection from host defence, increased antimicrobial resistance and the ability to survive and adapt despite ecological changes such as nutrient deprivation. Endodontic instruments alone have been shown to touch only 30–50 % of canal walls regardless of the instrument selected. When considering the complex anatomical irregularities (such as fins, isthmuses and recesses) within the root canal system, the emphasis on chemical disinfection and correct irrigation protocols are of paramount importance. A clinical protocol is proposed at the end of the article ---Date of Submission: 30-01-2020 Date of Acceptance: 15-02-2020 ---