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BACKGROUND To date, a number of new and attractive materials have been applied in drug delivery systems (DDDs) to improve the efficiency of the treatment of cancers. Some problems like low stability, toxicity, and weak ability of targeting have hampered most of the materials for further applications in biomedicine. MIL(MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier), as a typical subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owns more advantages than other subclass MOFs, such as better biodegradability and lower cytotoxicity. However, until now, systematic conclusions and analyses of Fe-based MIL on medical applications are rare, even though the majority of documents have discussed one research branch of the porous materials MOFs. DISCUSSION In this review, we're going to focus mainly on the latest studies of applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and antibacterial and drug delivery on Fe-based MIL. The existing shortcomings and future perspectives of the rapidly growing biomedical applications of Fe-based MIL materials addressing dosage and loading strategies issues are also discussed briefly.. Further studies with the use of different therapies will be of great interest. CONCLUSION This article reviews the Fe-based MOFs design and biomedical application, including biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial agent, and drug delivery in recent years.