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BACKGROUND Some studies have revealed an improvement in glucose metabolism after proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy; however, this evidence is inconclusive and limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of PPI on glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review and metaanalysis. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of PPI on glucose or insulin concentrations in type 2 diabetes were searched in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and generic inverse variance method. Sensitivity analysis was performed using leave one-out method. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of PPI intervention on fasting glucose (mean difference [MD] -11.42 [95% CI, -29.68 to 6.83, p = 0.22], I 2 = 80%, p = 0.22), fasting insulin (MD 1.51 [95% CI, -0.36 to 3.37], I 2 = 32%, p = 0.11), HOMA-IR (MD -0.16 [-0.98 to 0.65], I 2 = 0%, p = 0.70), HOMA-β (MD 19.97 [-21.59 to 61.52], I 2 = 71%, p = 0.35), and HbA1c concentrations (MD -0.34 [-0.99 to 0.31], I 2 = 89%, p = 0.30). CONCLUSION The treatment with PPI, in the short term, had not significant effect on glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.