LAUSR

BACKGROUND Widely known fact about Sars-Cov-2 infection's impact on urogenital system may play relevant role in under-standing, diagnose and future prevention of male urological disorders. Sars-CoV-2 attacks vascular endothelium of the entire organism therefore infection complications are visible in various organs. Relatively small number of original studies on Sars-cov-2 infection and the effect on the reproductive system and fertility in men. The vast majority of publications focus only on discussing the effects of Covid-19 infection on just one aspect of male urology or fertility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to present the current understanding of the effects of Covid-19 infection on the male genitourinary system in the context of nephrological and reproductive system complications in men, considering the potential pathomechanisms causing significant nephrological disorders in the course of viral infection, as well as long-term effects of Sars-cov-2 infection. We tried to make clinicians aware of urogenital complications in the course of COVID-19 occurrence and encourage to create preventive procedures. METHODS The article presented by us has been classified by us as "review" Of course, when searching for publications and making their critique, we focused primarily on the words: "Sars-cov-2" "male urogenital system", "male infertility", "lower urinary tract symptoms". Therefore, there was no explicit and rigorous work selection methodology. Search strategies were based on the experience of the authors of the work. In order to select articles for the systematic review, literature searches were conducted on PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) using the following keywords: "Sars-cov-2" AND "male urogenital system" OR "male infertility" The search results were retrieved and manually screened for duplicate removal. Then abstracts and titles were checked for relevance. The articles were selected if they met the following inclusion criteria: human studies, focus on Sars-cov-2 and male urogenital system or male infertility, published from 2020 to 2021, written in English, free full-text available. We included clinical trial, meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies, review, systematic review. RESULTS After the literature search, a total of 267 articles were retrieved, including 153 reviews, 53 systematic-reviews, 61 original articles. Eventually, after abstract and title screening, 2 original articles, 29 reviews and 8 systematic reviews were accepted. In our review paper, we presented data from 2 systematic reviews, 17 reviews, 2 meta-analyses, 1 case study, and 18 original articles, including 3 animals studies, 2 in vitro studies and 14 human studies. CONCLUSION Serious concern for urologists among COVID-19 patients should be mainly orchitis, male infertility, priapism, erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. It seems that the conclusions drawn should be treated with caution because, as mentioned above, in a pandemic, urinary complications are underdiagnosed and there are too few clinical trials and case reports.