LAUSR

Cancer immunotherapy has advanced significantly in recent years. Nanocarriers like liposomes are able to improve cancer immunotherapy and even stronger immune responses by improving cell type-specific distribution. Liposomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that are biodegradable and biocompatible and are often used as smart delivery systems for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactives. Whereas the idea of employing liposomes for administering drugs has been known since the 1960s, the early 2000s saw continuing technological advances and formulations for drug entrapment and manufacturing. Modern deterministic studies have tried to discover more of how genetic material is delivered through liposomes. Liposomes' interactions with cells are still a bit of mystery. Liposome-mediated transmission of genetic material experiences systemic impediments in accordance with lysosomal degradation, endosomal escape, and nuclear uptake. Controlling the physical architecture and chemical properties of liposome structures, such as lipid-to-DNA charge, ester bond composition, size, and ligand complexation structure, is critical for targeting liposomes' success as vehicles for gene delivery. This analysis focuses on advancements in ligand-targeted liposomes and theranostic(diagnostic) liposomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment. We will explore the numerous transgenes mechanisms and molecular targets that are implicated in cancer cell death in this review, as well as the associated benefits with using liposomal formulations over through the years. This sequence of breakthroughs will be of interest to aspiring researchers and the pharmaceutical industry involved in liposome development.