LAUSR

Abstract Background/Aim: Chemoradiation is the recommended initial treatment for locally advanced squamous anal cancer. However, there is still no consensus on the course of treatment for anal canal cancer with distant metastasis, and the significance of surgical resection of distant metastases is also unclear. Case Report: A 48-year-old woman presented to the referral hospital complaining of prolonged bleeding for the past 6 months. On examination, a mass was identified in the anal canal and the upper part of the rectum that was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Liver, ovarian, and right internal iliac lymph node metastases were found on further examination, and the patient was referred to our department for treatment. Systemic chemotherapy was planned, and six courses of modified FOLFOX6 were administered. After chemotherapy, the liver and right internal iliac lymph node metastases tended to shrink, and no new lesions appeared. Therefore, a total posterior pelvic resection and a bilateral lymph node dissection were performed for the primary tumour and ovarian metastases, and a simultaneous laparoscopic right partial hepatectomy was undertaken for the liver metastases. R0 resection was achieved, and the final diagnosis was T3N3M1a(H) stage IV. The patient remains alive 2 years after the surgery without recurrence. Conclusion: We report a rare case of anal canal cancer with distant metastases who achieved R0 resection after modified FOLFOX6 chemotherapy.