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BACKGROUND The reporting of patients' characteristics in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) is one important dimension to improve the clinical replicability or transferability of study results into clinical practice. AIM Based on a previously developed framework for reporting on patient characteristics, the aim of this study is to determine whether and how patients' characteristics are presented in RCTs of major rehabilitation journals. DESIGN A literature search in eight high-impact medical rehabilitation journals was conducted. SETTING any setting. POPULATION any rehabilitation patient group. METHODS Papers were included if they presented results on an RCT on rehabilitation patients. We excluded pilot or feasibility studies. We extracted information related to the description of personal, clinical and diagnosis-specific characteristics, comorbidities, and functioning according to the ICF (body functions and structures, activities and participation and context personal/environmental factors). RESULTS From a total of 129 papers initially identified we finally included 100 papers. Patient groups were almost exclusively defined by clinical diagnostic groups. Age and gender were the most prominent persons' characteristics (100% / 99% reported), followed by marital (22%), educational (15%) and occupational status (14%). Clinical characteristics usually relate to the respective diagnosis, general characteristics were reported on the duration of illness or symptoms (62%), to a lesser degree on BMI (45%) and/or weight (32%) and height (27%). One out of five papers report on comorbidities of the patients (20%). Information of body functions were present in almost every paper (98%), and nearly two third reported at least some aspect of activities and participation at baseline (63%). CONCLUSIONS The present analysis shows that there is a need to further the development of appropriate standards for the reporting of patient characteristics in rehabilitation trials. In future it should help rehabilitation practitioners to decide whether the patients in a study and their own patients share features similar enough to allow for transferability of results.