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Indigenous Resistance to Criminal Governance: Why Regional Ethnic Autonomy Institutions Protect Communities from Narco Rule in Mexico

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This article explains why some indigenous communities in Mexico have been able to resist drug cartels’ attempts to take over their local governments, populations, and territories while others have not.… Click to show full abstract

This article explains why some indigenous communities in Mexico have been able to resist drug cartels’ attempts to take over their local governments, populations, and territories while others have not. While indigenous customary laws and traditions provide communal accountability mechanisms that make it harder for narcos to take control, they are insufficient. Using a paired comparison of two indigenous regions in the highlands of Guerrero and Chihuahua—both ideal zones for drug cultivation and traffic—we show that the communities most able to resist narco conquest are those that have a history of social mobilization, expanding village-level indigenous customary traditions into regional ethnic autonomy regimes. By scaling up local accountability practices regionally and developing translocal networks of cooperation, indigenous movements have been able to construct mechanisms of internal control and external protection that enable communities to deter the narcos from corrupting local authorities, recruiting young men, and establishing criminal governance regimes through force. Resumen Este articulo explica por que algunas comunidades indigenas en Mexico han podido resistir los intentos de los carteles de la droga de conquistar sus gobiernos locales, poblaciones y territorios y otras no. Aunque los sistemas normativos indigenas dotan a las comunidades de mecanismos internos de accountability que le dificultan al narco tomar el control, estas instituciones resultan insuficientes para contener al narco. A partir de una comparacion de dos regiones indigenas de las sierras de Guerrero y Chihuahua –dos zonas ideales para el cultivo y trafico de drogas– mostramos que las comunidades mas capaces de resistir la conquista del narco son las que han sido parte de una larga historia de movilizacion social, mediante la cual han logrado expandir los sistemas normativos locales para construir regimenes de autonomia etnica regionales. Al escalar las practicas locales de accountability a nivel regional y desarrollar redes trans-locales de cooperacion, los movimientos indigenas han desarrollado los mecanismos de control interno y de proteccion externa que les permiten a las comunidades evitar que los narcos corrompan a sus autoridades locales, recluten a sus jovenes y establezcan regimenes de gobernanza criminal a traves de la fuerza.

Keywords: control; los; que; criminal governance; regional ethnic; ethnic autonomy

Journal Title: Latin American Research Review
Year Published: 2019

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