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OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify potential diagnostic and prognostic values of KLK11 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS KLK11 levels in 81 primary NPC tissues, 24 recurrent NPC tissues, and 60 nasopharyngeal tissues with chronic mucosal inflammation were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were depicted for assessing the diagnostic value of KLK11 in primary and recurrent NPC. Next, correlation between KLK11 level and pathological indexes of NPC patients was analyzed by Chi-square test. Enrolled NPC patients were followed up for 5 years, and the follow-up data were recorded to determine the potential influence of KLK11 on overall survival by Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, Cox regression model was applied for assessing factors that could affect prognosis of NPC patients. RESULTS It was found that KLK11 level was higher in primary NPC tissues than that in nasopharyngeal tissues with chronic mucosal inflammation. In recurrent NPC tissues, KLK11 was upregulated relative to primary ones. In addition, ROC curves revealed a certain diagnostic value of KLK11 in NPC. Overall survival was worse in primary and recurrent NPC patients expressing a high level of KLK11. By analyzing the pathological indexes of NPC patients, KLK11 level was found to be correlated with age, T stage, and clinical stage of NPC patients. Furthermore, KLK11 level was found to be the risk factor influencing the survival of NPC patients. CONCLUSIONS KLK11 is upregulated in NPC tissues, and unfavorable to the prognosis of NPC. Besides, it can be utilized as a potential hallmark for diagnosing NPC.