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OBJECTIVE To determine the location of thyroid-related nerves by nerve monitoring and demonstrate the usefulness of Nerve Integrity Monitor in thyroid surgery. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from February 2017 to January 2020. METHODOLOGY Patients, who underwent thyroid surgery, were evaluated for age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, type of surgery, histopathological result, postoperative hoarseness, and postoperative vocal cord examinations. The vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) were mapped by nerve monitoring. RESULTS A total of 328 patients were included in this study. On both sides, the vagus nerve was most often located in the posterior of the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and less frequently anterior to this vein. A total of 303 right RLNs and 305 left RLNs were verified. The SLN was visualised or motor activity was verified by nerve monitoring on the right side in 181 patients and on the left side in 179 patients. The SLN's location was classified most frequently as type I and least frequently as type IIb on the right and left sides. CONCLUSION The reported variations, the experience of the surgeon, and these anatomical markers cannot be adequate in preventing nerve injuries. Furthermore, the variations can be identified more clearly peroperatively with the use of nerve monitoring. KEY WORDS Laryngeal nerves, Nerve mapping, Nerve monitoring, Nervus vagus, Thyroid surgery, Zuckerkandl tubercles.