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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of benign and malignant endometrial pathologies by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and performing a visual evaluation. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Radiology, Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from January 2017 to September 2019. METHODOLOGY The inclusion criteria were women over 45 years of age with availability of the pelvic MRI in the PACS and the presence of pathological diagnosis by endometrial D and C or hysterectomy. Exclusion criteria were patients under 45 years of age, absence of histopathological results, hematoma or intrauterine device in the endometrial cavity, and endometrial thickness less than 5 mm. Quantitative ADC values were measured on ADC maps created automatically based on DWI data. DWI and ADC maps were also evaluated visually to differentiate between benign and malignant pathologies. RESULTS Endometrial pathology was detected in a total of 88 patients, 36 of which were malignant and 52 benign lesions. The mean ADC values for both observers and the sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of benign and malignant endometrial lesions were 81% - 75% and 88% - 90%, respectively (p<0.001 for both observers). The visual evaluation of b values and ADC map on DWI was also performed together, and the sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of benign and malignant endometrial lesions were 81% - 86% and 69% - 56% for both observers, respectively (p <0.001 for both observers). CONCLUSION ADC measurements are useful in differentiating benign and malignant endometrial pathologies, and visual evaluation of the ADC map and b values in DWI together also provides positive results. KEY WORDS Diffusion-weighted imaging, Endometrial pathologies, ADC, Visual evaluation.