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Invariance and attraction properties of Galton–Watson trees

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We give a complete description of invariants and attractors of the critical and subcritical Galton-Watson tree measures under the operation of Horton pruning (cutting tree laves with subsequent series reduction).… Click to show full abstract

We give a complete description of invariants and attractors of the critical and subcritical Galton-Watson tree measures under the operation of Horton pruning (cutting tree laves with subsequent series reduction). The class of invariant measures consists of the critical binary Galton-Watson tree and a one-parametric family of critical Galton-Watson trees with offspring distribution $\{q_k\}$ that has a power tail $q_k\sim k^{-(1+q_0)/q_0}$, where $q_0\in(1/2,1)$. Each invariant measure has a non-empty domain of attraction under consecutive Horton pruning, completely specified by the tail behavior of the initial Galton-Watson offspring distribution. The invariant measures are characterized by Toeplitz property of their Tokunaga coefficients; they satisfy Horton law with exponent $R = (1-q_0)^{-1/q_0}$.

Keywords: watson trees; watson; galton watson; invariance attraction

Journal Title: Bernoulli
Year Published: 2019

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