LAUSR

Recent advances have been made in biosensors and medical devices for diagnosis and health monitoring of various diseases. Flexible biosensors accelerate the development of wearable biomedical technologies and intelligent medical devices help doctors or patients to understand clinical characteristics and biomedical data. This Research Topic focuses on both the hardware and software of intelligent biomedical devices, including flexible or wearable biosensors, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence-based technologies in health and disease. Flexible or wearable biosensors provide a new efficient way to monitor and obtain medical data, on the other hand, artificial intelligence shows its effectiveness in massive medical data mining and clinical diagnosis. With the recent development of flexible electronics and artificial intelligence, both innovative machine learning algorithms and highperformance data processing, and intelligent medical devices are applied to meet the need of personalized medicine and patient healthcare in various areas. In this collection, a wearable ear device system was proposed by Lian et al. to address facial emotion recognition disorders with a deep-learning based multi-model physiological signal recognition algorithm. Multiple data from sensors such as heart rate, triaxial acceleration, skin electricity, body temperature, and facial images were analyzed and proved the effectiveness of this system for patients with potential nervous system diseases. As for post-surgical patients, especially those with upper extremity lymphedema, a portable monitoring and auxiliary treatment device was presented by Yanmin et al. to help them better rehabilitate. The pressure sensing layer embedded in the device can constantly measure and compare the change of arm circumference in different parts of the upper limb, which can provide the patients with early detection and effective control. Gori et al. exhaustively reviewed the biomedical and tissue engineering strategies to control foreign body reactions to invasive neural electrodes in recent years. From molecular mechanism and cellular components of foreign body reactions to design and geometry of the electrodes, they mentioned the development of innovative and advanced functional biomaterials including MEMS polymer materials and hydrogels and the interface-microenvironment interaction affected by antiinflammatory or anti-fibrotic drugs, intraneural interfaces, or neuroprostheses that are beneficial for amputees to restore their sensorimotor limb function. The authors also indicated that nextgeneration intraneural electrodes produced by current microfluidic, microscale, and nanoscale technologies deserved further investigation. Flexible or wearable biosensors have promoted these advances in disease diagnosis and the healthcare of various patients. On the other side, it is a burden for doctors or patients to treat and analyze huge medical data, especially image data. Computational intelligent algorithms such as machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning have been applied to medical imaging classification, showing predictable advantages in massive data treatment and clinical diagnosis. For instance, Li et al. compared eight Edited and reviewed by: Manolo Garabini, University of Pisa, Italy