LAUSR

Background Abnormal glycolipid metabolism plays a crucial role in hypertension. While an elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been recognized as a risk factor for developing hypertension, the associations between the TyG index and different hypertension subtypes, namely, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the associations between the TyG index and hypertension subtypes in a general Chinese population. Materials and methods In a sample of 16,793 participants from Shandong Province, China, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the TyG index and different hypertension subtypes. Loess smooth curves were fitted to visualize the trends. Stratified analyses were conducted to further assess the potential interactions in the associations between the TyG index and different hypertension subtypes. Results A higher TyG index was associated with an increased odds of having IDH (OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.66–5.23) and SDH (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.33–2.49), whereas no apparent relationship was observed between TyG index and ISH. With respect to sex, the effect of TyG index on having IDH and SDH was significant in women, but not in men. Participants with lower lipid profiles and glucose levels demonstrated a stronger strength of association between the TyG index and IDH as compared with the TyG index-SDH association. Stratified analysis showed that participants with a higher TyG index were more than 3 times more likely to have IDH and SDH among persons aged 18–42 years. Significant interactions were observed between TyG index and sex, age, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the SDH group, and a significant interaction was also found between TyG index and body mass index (BMI) in the ISH group. Conclusion Triglyceride-glucose index may potentially serve as a novel indicator for IDH and SDH. Our findings could also inform the development and implementation of targeted screening for hypertension.