LAUSR

With the rapid emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacteria from animal, animal-derived food and human clinic, it is of great significance to develop new approaches to combat the multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study presented a short linear antimicrobial peptide RW-BP100-4D, which was derived from RW-BP100 (RRLFRRILRWL-NH2) by transforming the N-terminal 4th amino acid from L- to D-enantiomer. This modification remarkably reduced the peptide cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, as indicated by hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activity of RW-BP100-4D was improved against a more variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (sensitive and resistant) as well as fungi. Also, RW-BP100-4D showed strong in vitro anti-biofilm activity in a concentration-dependent manner, including inhibition of the biofilm-formation and dispersion of the mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. RW-BP100-4D could be efficiently uptaken by bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) cells to eliminate the intracellular S. aureus ATCC29213 and Salmonella enterica ATCC13076. Moreover, RW-BP100-4D was highly effective in food disinfection of multiple bacterial contamination (including S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenesis, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Campylobacter jejuni, S. enterica, and Shewanella putrefaction, 3.61 ± 0.063 log reduction) on chicken meat, and could kill 99.99% of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain in the mouse skin infection model. In summary, RW-BP100-4D is a promising antimicrobial candidate for application on food disinfection and local infection treatment. However, the protease-sensitivity of RW-BP100-4D and toxic effect at higher doses reduced the therapeutic effect of the candidate peptide in vivo and should be improved in the future studies.