LAUSR

Background Small ubiquitin-like modifier-specific protease 1 (SENP1) plays vital roles in cancer progression and chemoresistance, but its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is vague. This study aimed to explore the correlation of SENP1 with clinical features, adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, and prognosis in patients with surgical NSCLC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Tumor and adjacent tissues were collected from 157 patients with surgical NSCLC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Meanwhile, tumor tissue and paired adjacent tissue specimens were obtained to evaluate SENP1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay; among which, 102 pairs were used to detect SENP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Results SENP1 IHC score and SENP1 mRNA expression were increased in tumor tissue than adjacent tissue (p < 0.001). Besides, elevated SENP1 IHC score was correlated with > 5 cm tumor size (p = 0.045), lymph node metastasis occurrence (p = 0.003), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.012); meanwhile, increased SENP1 mRNA expression was associated with histopathological subtype (p = 0.011), lymph node metastasis occurrence (p = 0.008), and higher TNM stage (p = 0.015). Besides, no correlation was found in SENP1 IHC score (p = 0.424) or mRNA expression (p = 0.927) with specific adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Additionally, both the SENP1 protein (high) (p = 0.003) and mRNA high (p = 0.028) were correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS), while SENP1 protein high was also associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.029). Furthermore, SENP1 protein (high vs. low) was independently associated with unsatisfying DFS [p = 0.009, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.798] and OS (p = 0.049, HR = 1.735). Conclusion SENP1 may serve as a potential biomarker to improve the management of patients with surgical NSCLC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.