LAUSR

The hybridization of PSO for the Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Protection Relays (DOPR) of the IEEE bus system proposes a new method for coordinating directional overcurrent protection relays in power systems. The method combines the hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm and a heuristic PSO algorithm to find the minimum total operating time of the directional overcurrent protection relays with speed and accuracy. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 4-bus, 6-bus, and 8-bus systems, and the results are compared with those obtained using traditional coordination methods. The collected findings suggest that the proposed method may produce better coordination and faster operation of DOPRs than the previous methods, with an increase of up to 74.9% above the traditional technique. The hybridization of the PSO algorithm and heuristic PSO algorithm offers a promising approach to optimize power system protection.