LAUSR

On 12 November 2017, an earthquake occurred in Sarpol Zahab city, located on the Iraq/Iran boundary, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3. Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) L-band (23.6 cm wavelength) and C-band Sentinel-1A data (ascending and descending) were used to detect the co-seismic displacements maps caused by this earthquake. The ALOS-2 data was utilized to reconstruct the 3D co-seismic displacements maps, as well as estimate the fault-dip and slip distribution along the rupture. The results showed the maximum surface displacement in the north, east, and up directions to be 100, 50, and 100 cm, respectively. The best-fit faulting geometry had a strike of 337.5° and a dip of 11.2° toward the northeast, at a depth of 8 km. The predicted geodetic moment was 1.15 1020 Nm, which corresponds to a magnitude of Mw 7.31. There were two significant slip sources: one in the shallower depth range of 8.5–10 km, with a peak slip of 5 m, and another in the depth range of 10.5–20 km, with a peak slip of 5.3 m. Both controlled the principal deformation signals in geodetic images. The slip was concentrated, along with a strike distance of 20 to 40 km, at a depth of 10 to 20 km. The earthquake was caused by the Zagros Mountains Front Fault (ZMFF), based on the results of 3D co-seismic deformation, inferred slip, preliminary investigation, and interpretation of the mainshock, as well as aftershock distributions.