LAUSR

As an effective policy to revitalize rural land assets, land transfer is important to promote reforming rural land systems in poor areas. In this study, we integrated the energy systems language and emergy approach, quantified the energy flow process under the land transfer model, simulated the resource storage and energy flow state in the land transfer process, and finally compared and discussed the economic and ecological benefits of land transfer under different scenarios. The results show the following: (1) Economic benefits were significantly improved after the land transfer, and labor storage and infrastructure value were reduced. (2) Government investment enhanced the infrastructure value, and private investment led to a rapid reduction in labor storage. (3) Expanding apple orchards positively affected labor storage and infrastructure value and negatively influenced soil organic carbon storage and rural asset storage. (4) Land transfer behavior reduced the proportion of provisioning and supporting services and increased the proportion of regulating and cultural services. Overall, the research results are helpful for clarifying the complex mechanisms of the various components in the land transfer system and provide a scientific basis for the prediction and evaluation of land transfer in similar areas.