LAUSR

In this paper, we evaluated the applicability of the minimum required compressive strength for cold weather concreting based on winter meteorological factors. In this study, a compressive strength test, dynamic elastic modulus test, hydration degree test, underwater weighing test, and freeze–thaw test were performed to investigate the effect of compressive strength development at early ages on frost resistance of concrete. In particular, the ASTM equivalent number of cycles (CyASTM−sp) of various locations was estimated based on winter meteorological factors. The results of experiments showed that the frost resistance of concrete at early ages increases with increased compressive strength. The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete of 5.0 MPa showed that it can be maintained above 90% within 18 freeze–thaw cycles. In addition, the CyASTM−sp results showed that a compressive strength of 5.0 MPa can protect concrete from early age frost damage in all investigated locations, indicating that a compressive strength of 5.0 MPa is the minimum required for safe and reliable cold weather concreting. However, for concrete structures subjected to repeated freeze–thaw cycles, it is necessary to select a higher compressive strength value according to the construction condition.