LAUSR

A series of medium-sized cyclic triaxial tests were performed to investigate the permanent deformation properties of granular materials. The strain rate was then plotted against loading cycles to classify the permanent deformation properties of granular materials under different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs). It was found that (1) the permanent strain rate dεp/dN was linearly correlated with loading cycles N using a double-log coordinate on the condition of CSR < 60%; (2) the deformation tendency factor β, which was extracted from the linear relationship between dεp/dN and N, significantly varied with CSR and, thus, can be adopted to identify the deformation states; (3) β > 1 implying that permanent strain accumulation ceases in limited cycles and corresponds to the plastic shakedown range, while 0 < β ≤ 1 indicates the temporary steady state, corresponding to the plastic creep range; (4) sluggish decrease or remarkable increase in dεp/dN appeared as CSR ≥ 60%, leading to soil collapsed in limited loading cycles and resulting in an incremental collapse range. The new approach was validated by the crushed tuff aggregates and subgrade materials reported previously. It is expected that the new approach will have wider applicability than the traditional one and can provide technical guidance for the design and construction of substructures in roadway and railway engineering.