LAUSR

A 23 factorial design experiment was conducted to study the influence of pre-heating temperature (HT) for manufacturing sample, bonding temperature (BT) onto rheometer, and trimming state (Trim) of the sample on complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) using a dynamic shear rheometer on unmodified bitumen of types 50/70, 70/100, and two 160/220 from various sources. In addition, the black diagram and 2S2P1D model were used to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of bitumens. Findings show that the G* is more sensitive to the changes than the δ. Additionally, it was found that the 8 mm parallel plate diameter had a higher sensitivity to the trimming state than the 25 mm. The tested factor HT generally did not have a statistically significant impact on the results of the tested materials, except for 160/220_I. At practically all the temperatures tested for 50/70 and 160/220_II, the G* dropped by increasing the factor BT from a lower to a higher value. The Trim:BT interaction has the greatest impact on all materials and temperatures on G*, except for 160/220 at lower temperatures. However, in the case of δ, the Trim:BT interaction has the most significant effects for 70/100 and 160/220_II. The black diagrams show no discernible differences, which may be a result of the limited range of changes made to the variables.