LAUSR

This paper aims to propose a comprehensive inventory model including pricing, pre-sale incentives, advance sales, trade credit, and carbon tax policies. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach to addressing these relevant and practical issues. The major purpose is to determine the optimal pricing, pre-order discount, and replenishment decisions to maximize the total profit under carbon tax policy. Through theoretical analysis, this study develops several theorems to demonstrate properties of optimal solutions and an easy-to-use algorithm to derive optimal solutions. Further, several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the solution process for different scenarios and the effects of various parameters on optimal alternatives and solutions. This study provides companies management implications to address the challenges posed by the global movement to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining their profitability.