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Off-Shell Noether Currents and Potentials for First-Order General Relativity

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We report off-shell currents obtained from off-shell Noether potentials for first-order general relativity described by $n$-dimensional Palatini and Holst Lagrangians including the cosmological constant. These off-shell currents and potentials are… Click to show full abstract

We report off-shell currents obtained from off-shell Noether potentials for first-order general relativity described by $n$-dimensional Palatini and Holst Lagrangians including the cosmological constant. These off-shell currents and potentials are obtained from the use of the corresponding Lagrangian and the off-shell Noether identities satisfied by diffeomorphisms, local $SO(n)$ or $SO(n-1,1)$ transformations, `improved diffeomorphisms', and the `generalization of local translations' of the orthonormal frame and the connection. A remarkable aspect of our approach is that we do not use Noether's theorem in its direct form. By construction, the currents are off-shell conserved and lead naturally to the definition of off-shell Noether charges. We also study what we call the `half off-shell' case for both Palatini and Holst Lagrangians. In particular, we find that the resulting diffeomorphism and local $SO(3,1)$ or $SO(4)$ Noether potentials and currents for the Holst Lagrangian generically depend on the Immirzi parameter, which holds even in the on-shell case. We also study Killing vector fields in the half off-shell and on-shell cases. The current theoretical framework is illustrated in static spherically symmetric and Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes in four dimensions.

Keywords: first order; shell noether; order general; general relativity; shell; potentials first

Journal Title: Symmetry
Year Published: 2021

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