LAUSR

Simple Summary Rubber seed kernels do not contain sufficient levels of crude protein to serve as a primary source of crude protein in ruminant diets. Yeast has been used to improve the nutritional value of feedstuffs, particularly their protein content, and to diminish their anti-nutritional components. Our earlier studies demonstrated that rubber seed kernels that had undergone yeast fermentation had enhanced levels of crude protein, decreased fiber content, and could be provided to dairy heifers as a source of protein. The current findings showed that the addition of yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels had no negative effects on the hematology, milk production, milk composition, or feed intake. Hence, yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels could be used as a source of protein in the diets of lactating dairy cows. Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels (YERSEK) on the feed intake, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows. Six crossbred Holstein Friesian (HF) × Thai lactating dairy cows with 110 ± 10 days in milk were randomly assigned to three different amounts of YERSEK at 0%, 10%, and 20% in a concentrate mixture using a 3 × 3 repeated Latin square design. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at a concentrate-to-milk yield ratio of 1:1.5, with rice straw fed ad libitum. The inclusion of YERSEK did not adversely affect feed intake, nutrient intake, or digestibility (p > 0.05), whereas ether extract intake and digestibility linearly increased in dairy cows receiving YERSEK (p < 0.01). Increasing YERSEK levels did not adversely affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, hematological parameters, or microbial protein synthesis (p > 0.05). Supplementation of YERSEK did not influence milk production, lactose, or protein levels (p > 0.05). However, milk fat and total solids decreased linearly (p < 0.05) with the addition of YERSEK. In conclusion, in a concentrate diet, YERSEK could be used as a protein source without negative effects on feed intake, digestibility, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, or milk yield. However, it reduced the milk fat and total solids of tropical lactating dairy cows.