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OBJECTIVE The aim: To study morphometric and electron microscopic changes in the parenchyma of rat lymph nodes under the action of sodium glutamate and its correction by orlistat. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The article presents and analyzes the data of an experimental study conducted on 66 white male rats and females of reproductive age. Experimental animals are divided into 4 groups. RESULTS Results: After six weeks of exposure to monosodium glutamate, there was a significant decrease in the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph nodes of white male and female rats by 11.95% and 9.31% and, respectively, an increase in the relative area of the medullary substance by 18.76% and 14.7% in compared with an intact group of animals. After six weeks of sodium glutamate and the next six weeks of the standard diet of vivarium and orlistat, the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph node parenchyma was 2.55% and 0.38% more than the parameters of the intact group of animals, respectively. Accordingly, the relative area of the medullary substance decreased and was 4.01% and 0.59% less compared to the intact group of animals. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Electron microscopic examination showed that monosodium glutamate causes changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes as in a high-calorie diet. The introduction of orlistat (xenical) leads to a partial restoration of the structural organization, and hence the function of this organ.