LAUSR

This exploratory study sets out to identify salient push and pull factors that draw visitors to fringe and urban parks and explores the impact these push–pull factors have on loyalty behavior. To achieve this, 829 usable responses were collected at a fringe and urban park with a self-administered questionnaire, adopting a systematic sampling method. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified two push factors (thrill-seeking and family/fun) and three pull factors (nature/conservation, children/convenience, and facilities), with some differential impacts on intention to revisit and recommend. Theoretically, the study introduces a push–pull framework relevant to fringe and urban parks that operationalizes what motivates and appeals to park visitors. Managerially, insights into the push and pull factors lead the way for policymakers to identify and allocate resources that improve specific factors and for park managers to design and implement more effective communication to visitor segments.