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Abstract To source for alternatives vegetable oil in the production of polyol, oil was extracted from Ximenia americana seed, and the o il yield was recorded to be 51%. Using standard methods, X. americana seed oil (XSO) was analyzed for its refractive index, density, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and viscosity, and the results obtained were 1.3680, 0.867 g/cm 3 , 0.2805 mg KOH/g, 31.33 meqO 2 /kg, 92.46 mgI 2 /100 g, 225.23 Cp (at 25°C), respectively. XSO was epoxidized using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide and then hydroxylated to synthesize a polyol. The oxirane content (2.48%) and iodine value conversion (62.86%) of the epoxidized X. americana seed oil (EXSO) showed that the reaction occur, while the hydroxyl value (165.0 mgKOH/g) and the high viscosity obtained for the product after hydroxylation of EXSO affirmed ring opening reaction leading to the formation of polyol. Polyol synthesized was comparatively characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and there were similarities in the major peaks of the synthesized polyol as compared to a commercial polyol. Results obtained from this study present the basis for the potentials of XSO in the production of polyols which is an important material in the production of polyurethane foam. Keywords: Ximenia americana , vegetable oil, epoxidation, polyol Cite this Article Osemeahon SA, Okoye SI. Synthesis, Physicochemical and FTIR Characterization of Vegetable Oil-Based Polyol from Ximenia americana Seed Oil. Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology . 2018; 9(3): 23–28p.