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* Correspondence: [email protected] The valid genus name Eupithecia was established by Curtis in 1825 with the type species Phalaena absinthiata Clerck, 1759. This nominate and large genus is in the family of Geometridae and includes nearly 1400 described species (Scoble, 1999; Mironov and Ratzel, 2012) distributed worldwide. Adult Eupithecia species are commonly characterized by being small in size, cryptically colored grayish, having a brownish forewing that is regularly fasciated and with a definite discal spot, and a more weakly fasciated hindwing (Mironov, 2003). The identification of many species in this genus is extremely difficult, requiring dissection of the genitalia, because of very similar external morphological characters. In Europe, 128 Eupithecia species are known (Mironov, 2003); in Turkey, a total of 113 species have been recorded according to the literature consulted (Riemis, 1994; Koçak and Kemal, 2009; Koçak, 2014). In Siirt Province and Şirvan District, 11 Eupithecia species are known (Koçak and Kemal, 2009; Seven, 2014). The purpose of the present study is to report on one additional record of Eupithecia opistographata Dietze, 1906 and second records of both E. brunneata Staudinger, 1900 and E. dearmata Dietze, 1904 from Turkey. Additionally, the second faunistic record from southeastern Turkey of E. marasa Wehrli, 1932 is presented. This research is based on the materials collected by the author during 2014 and 2015 in southeastern Turkey. It also includes the results of processing (but not thoroughly diagnosing) the material collected during work on a doctoral thesis (2011–2013) by using UV light traps. Identification was performed by analyzing external morphological features of adult moths and the structure of the genital armature of males (Staudinger, 1900; Dietze, 1904–1906; Wehrli, 1932; Schütze, 1961; Ratnasingham and Hebert, 2007; Mironov and Galsworthy, 2014). Full information on localities and dates of captured species are given in the results. The materials are deposited in the laboratory of Batman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Batman, Turkey. Eupithecia opistographata Dietze, 1906 (Figures 1A and 1B) Syntypes 3 (MNHU), [China]: Aksu [originally as f. of Eupithecia ultimaria Boisduval, 1840]. The species is widely distributed in North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. It is recorded for the first time in Turkey and known only in the degraded and rocky oak woodlands of Siirt Province. Material. Siirt, Şirvan, 2♂♂: 1♂ Tahvan crossroad, 600 m, 02.09.2013 (slide no. Gp365♂); Siirt, 1♂ Akyamaç, 700 m, 04.09.2014. Distribution. Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, SE Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (Mironov and Galsworthy, 2014), and Turkey (new record). Description. Wingspan 11 mm. Antennae filiform. Forewing gray; transverse lines narrow, sinuate; discal dot linear, blackish. Hind wing similarly colored to forewing; transverse lines oblique; discal dot similar to forewing. Underside of fore and hind wings black or blackish. Male Abstract: In this paper, Eupithecia opistographata Dietze, 1906 is reported as new for the fauna of Turkey, and three rare species (E. brunneata Staudinger, 1900; E. dearmata Dietze, 1904; and E. marasa Wehrli, 1932) are presented as second records on the basis of specimens collected in the mountainous areas of Siirt Province and Şirvan District, southeastern Turkey. The adults and the male genitalia of the species are illustrated.