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The credibility of newscasts in public service media in Spain

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The audiences of generalist television's newscasts reflect that the viewers’ interests and loyalties are constantly changing. Research shows that several elements influence the success of programs and formats, but in… Click to show full abstract

The audiences of generalist television's newscasts reflect that the viewers’ interests and loyalties are constantly changing. Research shows that several elements influence the success of programs and formats, but in this paper, we draw attention to the factors that determine the credibility of newscasts. We also want to know how pluralism is safeguarded in newscasts, as we consider that credibility and pluralism are two intertwined values that influence one another. As credibility is a subjective value, it is required to find new information criteria that is suitable and of the utmost rigor. The main aim is to delve into whether there is a consensus on the basic parameters for the definition, identification, and assessment of credibility of nationwide public service media in Spain. Moreover, we are also interested in whether audience figures can be used to determine the degree of trust of newscasts. The analysis brings forward the observations of researchers, scholars and media professionals that offer a vision on the different approaches that integrate the multiple aspects affecting news consumption and interpretation. We conclude that credibility is a concept composed of multidimensional components, resulting from a process where different filters condition fact perception. That is why a story can have different meanings, related to the different point of views of citizens. Las audiencias de los informativos de las televisiones generalistas reflejan que el interés y la fidelidad de los espectadores cambian constantemente. Numerosas investigaciones demuestran que existen elementos que intervienen en el éxito de programas y formatos, pero aquí analizamos qué factores determinan la credibilidad de los informativos. Y también queremos conocer cómo se garantiza el pluralismo en los telediarios, porque la credibilidad y el pluralismo son valores que están relacionados entre sí y se condicionan mutuamente. Como la credibilidad es un valor subjetivo, es necesario buscar criterios informativos que permitan analizarla con rigor. El objetivo principal es averiguar si existe un consenso sobre los parámetros que sirven para definir, identificar y valorar la credibilidad en la televisión pública estatal en España. Además, interesa saber si los índices de audiencia sirven para determinar el grado de confianza en los informativos. Aquí aportamos las observaciones de investigadores, expertos académicos y profesionales, que ofrecen una visión de las diferentes perspectivas que integran los múltiples aspectos que condicionan la lectura y la interpretación de las noticias. Una conclusión transversal que se extrae de esta investigación es que la credibilidad es un concepto con componentes multidimensionales, fruto de un proceso en el que intervienen varios filtros que condicionan la percepción de los hechos. Por eso un relato puede tener múltiples significados, que se corresponden con los diferentes puntos de vista de los ciudadanos.

Keywords: que; credibility; public service; service media; credibility newscasts; los

Journal Title: Comunicar
Year Published: 2023

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