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Author's summary The burden of early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for public health, negatively impacting the physical, social, and financial aspects. However, long-term follow-up studies conducted on young adults… Click to show full abstract
Author's summary The burden of early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for public health, negatively impacting the physical, social, and financial aspects. However, long-term follow-up studies conducted on young adults are insufficient. In this study, cigarette smoking increased the risk of early-onset CVD. Even after quitting smoking, the risk of CVD was still high compared to non-smokers. Clustering 2 or more risk factors, including smoking, obesity, and depression, increase CVD risk additively. Therefore, we suggest both lifestyle modification and aggressive education on not trying to start smoking in the first place and the need to quit smoking early in young adults.
Journal Title: Korean Circulation Journal
Year Published: 2022
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