LAUSR

DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_198_19 surgeons from all over India in the sixties. To name a few, Dr. R. K. Gandhi, Dr. V. C. Talwalker, and Dr. Subhash Dalal in Mumbai; Dr. P. Upadhyay in Delhi; Dr. M. S. Ramakrishnan in Chennai; Dr. I. C. Pathak in Chandigarh; Dr. T. Dorairajan in Madurai; Dr. Subir K. Chatterjee, Dr. B. C. Talukdar, Dr. A. K. Nandy, and Dr. P. K. Sarkar in Calcutta; Dr. George Taliat and Dr. K. K. Verma in Calicut; Dr. Meera Bai in Hyderabad, Dr. Singhal in Varanasi; and Dr. K. C. Sogani in Jaipur are the founders who devoted their career to Pediatric Surgery only. Initial resistance was high as the general surgeons were losing their domain. Subsequently, the resistance waned with the realization that the physiology of small children is different and they require special tissue handling. The main challenges at that time were anesthesia in the newborn, correct size of endotracheal tube, venous access and maintenance of intravenous fluid, fluid and electrolyte replacement, proper use of antibiotics, and postoperative care. It is the strong foundation laid by our forefathers that enabled us to improve the success rate of complex surgeries from 20% to >90%.