LAUSR

The virtual detection method provides us with a more simplified system setup and a considerable resolution enhancement compared with microscopies that apply physical modulation. However, the imaging speed of virtual modulation microscopy is much slower compared with wide-field imaging techniques such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM). In this study, we propose a multiplex virtual modulation microscopy that performs similarly to the former virtual modulation microscopy whose data are acquired using the same system as laser scanning microscopy (LSM) does, yet with a much higher theoretical speed. Under saturated conditions, the virtual modulation microscopy exhibits a high robustness against the aberrations and estimation errors of saturation level. We also show that by applying both virtual temporal modulation (VTM) and virtual spatial modulation (VSM), information can be extracted beyond the typical extended resolution support of linear superresolution methods such as confocal and SIM. However, it is demonstrated that VTM is more efficient in extracting high-spatial-frequency information than VSM. Biospecimen and fluorescent beads are imaged in order to verify the proposed method using the data acquired under the LSM system.