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Background: The extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease include orbitopathy, dermopathy, and acropachy (periosteal changes and clubbing of fingers and toes). Severe forms of Graves dermopathy, such as nodular dermopathy or… Click to show full abstract
Background: The extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease include orbitopathy, dermopathy, and acropachy (periosteal changes and clubbing of fingers and toes). Severe forms of Graves dermopathy, such as nodular dermopathy or elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, can cause significant morbidity (1). The pathophysiology of Graves dermopathy is poorly understood. A combination of factors may contribute to its development, including immunologic factors, such as infiltration of T and B lymphocytes, cytokine production,
Journal Title: Annals of Internal Medicine
Year Published: 2021
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