LAUSR

The article analyzes the causal relationship among energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in four ASEAN countries for the period 1980-2018. The results of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) indicate a positive significant relationship among energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth. The CO2 emissions and GDP per capita growth form a nonlinear EKC relation in the long run. The granger causality test statistics reveal a unidirectional causal relation from energy consumption and CO2 emissions to economic growth. While in short-run unidirectional Granger causality is found from CO2 emissions to energy consumption.