Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate for FAME Synthesis Catalyzed by Super-Acid Catalyst HClSO3–ZrO2
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2020 at "Waste and Biomass Valorization"
DOI: 10.1007/s12649-020-00949-y
Abstract: Abstract The current work investigates biodiesel synthesis from the cheaper source- palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using HClSO 3 –ZrO 2 acid catalyst. The effect of various physicochemical parameters such as molar ratio, catalyst loading,… read more here.
Keywords: acid distillate; acid catalyst; fatty acid; palm fatty ... See more keywords
Two-step esterification of palm fatty acid distillate in ethyl ester production: Optimization and sensitivity analysis
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2018 at "Renewable Energy"
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.002
Abstract: Abstract Low-cost palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feedstock to produce biodiesel is of interest. Single step esterification of PFAD is effective but requires large amounts of chemicals. Removal of water in a two-step process increases… read more here.
Keywords: acid distillate; step esterification; fatty acid; step ... See more keywords
Effect of Diesel–Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Ethyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend on the Performance, Emissions, and Long-Term Endurance Test on an Unmodified DI Diesel Engine
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "ACS Omega"
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06082
Abstract: In this research, the diesel–palm fatty acid distillate ethyl ester–hydrous ethanol, palm fatty acid distillate ethyl ester, and diesel were studied to investigate the gas emissions and performances of the direct injection diesel engine at… read more here.
Keywords: diesel engine; palm fatty; diesel; acid distillate ... See more keywords