On the Common but Problematic Specification of Conflated Random Slopes in Multilevel Models.
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DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2174490
Abstract: For multilevel models (MLMs) with fixed slopes, it has been widely recognized that a level-1 variable can have distinct between-cluster and within-cluster fixed effects, and that failing to disaggregate these effects yields a conflated, uninterpretable… read more here.
Keywords: conflation; conflated random; random component; multilevel models ... See more keywords