Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Confounding by indication and the role of active comparators
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DOI: 10.1002/pds.5407
Abstract: Confounding by indication poses a significant threat to the validity of nonexperimental studies assessing effectiveness and safety of medical interventions. While no different from other forms of confounding in theory, confounding by indication often requires… read more here.
Keywords: confounding indication; active comparators; nonexperimental studies; treatment ... See more keywords
Assessing hypertension therapies: randomization or confounding by indication?
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DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0313-z
Abstract: Findings from a large, international study comprising 4.9 million people with mild hypertension suggest that thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics might be more effective and safer than other first-line antihypertensive drugs. However, the study was not… read more here.
Keywords: confounding indication; hypertension therapies; hypertension; therapies randomization ... See more keywords
Reaching the wrong conclusion: residual confounding by indication
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DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312446
Abstract: To the Editor In a recent edition of Heart , Potier et al reported the results of a large, observational analysis of the REACH registry.1 The authors sought to retrospectively compare clinical outcomes in angiotensin… read more here.
Keywords: wrong conclusion; confounding indication; conclusion residual; residual confounding ... See more keywords
Confounding by Indication in Studies of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0209
Abstract: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used worldwide as the first-line pharmacological treatment for depression. Although SSRI use can increase the risk of suicide, fractures, and infertility, the nature of these relationships is controversial. This… read more here.
Keywords: confounding indication; side effects; selective serotonin; serotonin reuptake ... See more keywords