Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou
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DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2672
Abstract: Abstract Human presence in natural environments is often a source of stress that is perceived by large ungulates as an increased risk of predation. Alternatively, disturbance induced by hikers creates a relatively predator‐free space that… read more here.
Keywords: predation risk; risk; presence; female caribou ... See more keywords