Silent effect of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the larval exposure of the non-target organism Africanized Apis mellifera and its interaction with the pathogen Nosema ceranae in adulthood.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115622
Abstract: The frequent exposure of bees to a wide variety of fungicides, on crops where they forage, can be considered a stressor factor for these pollinators. The organisms are exposed both to the fungicide active ingredients… read more here.
Keywords: pathogen; fungicide pyraclostrobin; larval exposure; commercial formulation ... See more keywords