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Published in 2020 at "Philosophy of Science"
DOI: 10.1086/710543
Abstract: Reflection and martingale principles are central to models of rational learning. They can be justified in a variety of ways. In what follows we study martingale and reflection principles in the context of measure theory.…
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Keywords:
conditional expectation;
philosophy;
generalized learning;
learning conditional ... See more keywords
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Published in 2021 at "IEEE Access"
DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3056021
Abstract: In a real-world environment, there are several difficult obstacles to overcome in classification. Those obstacles are data overlapping and skewness of data distribution. Overlapping data occur when many data from different classes overlap with each…
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Keywords:
vector quantization;
learning vector;
generalized learning;
afnglvq ... See more keywords