E-liquids and vanillin flavoring disrupts retinoic acid signaling and causes craniofacial defects in Xenopus embryos.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.004
Abstract: Environmental teratogens such as smoking are known risk factors for developmental disorders such as cleft palate. While smoking rates have declined, a new type of smoking, called vaping is on the rise. Vaping is the… read more here.
Keywords: xenopus embryos; craniofacial defects; acid signaling; embryos exposed ... See more keywords