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Published in 2021 at "Frontiers in Surgery"
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.659292
Abstract: Purpose: Guidelines advocate cystoscopy surveillance (CS) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) post-resection. However, cystoscopy is operator dependent and may miss upper tract lesions or carcinoma in-situ (CIS). Urine cytology is a common adjunct but…
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Keywords:
cystoscopy;
positive cystoscopy;
urine cytology;
cytology ... See more keywords