Indications of Referee Bias in Division I Women’s College Volleyball: Testing Expectancy Violations and Examining Nonverbal Communication
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DOI: 10.1123/ijsc.2023-0050
Abstract: This research examined the ball-handling errors that referees called against historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in Division I women’s college volleyball. A ball-handling error is an impermissible nonverbal communicative act such as a ball… read more here.
Keywords: referee bias; college volleyball; division women; expectancy violations ... See more keywords
A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football
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DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13681
Abstract: Background Due to the unfortunate pandemic situation, the phenomena of home advantage and referee bias in sports have recently received a particular research attention, especially in association football. In this regard, several studies were conducted… read more here.
Keywords: referee bias; home advantage; advantage; 2020 season ... See more keywords