Ground state degeneracy on torus in a family of ZN toric code
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DOI: 10.1063/5.0134010
Abstract: Topologically ordered phases in 2 + 1 dimensions are generally characterized by three mutually related features: fractionalized (anyonic) excitations, topological entanglement entropy, and robust ground state degeneracy that does not require symmetry protection or spontaneous… read more here.
Keywords: toric code; degeneracy; ground state; state degeneracy ... See more keywords
Corner modes and ground-state degeneracy in models with gaugelike subsystem symmetries
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2019 at "Physical Review B"
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.165108
Abstract: Subsystem symmetries are intermediate between global and gauge symmetries. One can treat these symmetries either like global symmetries that act on subregions of a system, or gauge symmetries that act on the regions transverse to… read more here.
Keywords: topology; ground state; subsystem symmetries; state degeneracy ... See more keywords