Two-step esterification of palm fatty acid distillate in ethyl ester production: Optimization and sensitivity analysis
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2018 at "Renewable Energy"
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.002
Abstract: Abstract Low-cost palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feedstock to produce biodiesel is of interest. Single step esterification of PFAD is effective but requires large amounts of chemicals. Removal of water in a two-step process increases… read more here.
Keywords: acid distillate; step esterification; fatty acid; step ... See more keywords
Continuous Double-Step Esterification Production of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Methyl Ester Using Ultrasonic Tubular Reactor
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "ACS Omega"
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07230
Abstract: Double-step esterification to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was performed by utilizing an ultrasound clamp reactor. Six pairs of ultrasonic clamps were attached to the left and right sides of the stainless-steel… read more here.
Keywords: step; double step; methyl ester; pfad ... See more keywords