Surfactant-free synthesis of sub-stoichiometry tungsten oxide nanoparticles and their use as anode buffer layers in organic solar cells
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DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2017.05.010
Abstract: Abstract A surfactant-free synthesis of small-sized tungsten trioxide is presented. Nanoparticles with an average size of 4.6 ± 1.5 nm are prepared via hot-injection techniques in ethanol. Due to the reducing properties of ethanol, a sub-stoichiometry composition WO3-x… read more here.
Keywords: free synthesis; surfactant free; sub stoichiometry; anode buffer ... See more keywords