Evaluating the Test-Negative Design for COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Using Randomized Trial Data
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2025 at "JAMA Network Open"
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12763
Abstract: Key Points Question Does the test-negative design (TND) reliably assess COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness when using data from placebo-controlled vaccine efficacy randomized clinical trials (RCTs)? Findings In this secondary cross-protocol analysis of 5 US government-sponsored phase… read more here.
Keywords: covid vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; test negative; vaccine ... See more keywords
Effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2‐inactivated vaccine and the correlation to neutralizing antibodies: A test‐negative case–control study
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "Journal of Medical Virology"
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28280
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 breakthrough infection in highly vaccinated populations raises study on the effectiveness for inactivated vaccine, including effectiveness of the vaccine dose, the continuance of effectiveness, the effectiveness against severe/critical coronavirus… read more here.
Keywords: inactivated vaccine; neutralizing antibodies; effectiveness; vaccine ... See more keywords
Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings: An evaluation of the test-negative design
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2017 at "Vaccine"
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.077
Abstract: Highlights • Rotavirus vaccines (RVs) have been recently introduced in low-income settings.• Accurate post-introduction monitoring of RV effectiveness is important.• The test-negative design (TND) is used to measure RV effectiveness.• The TND was evaluated using… read more here.
Keywords: test negative; negative design; income settings; low income ... See more keywords
The impact of selection bias on vaccine effectiveness estimates from test-negative studies.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.022
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) from test-negative studies may be subject to selection bias. In the context of influenza VE, we used simulations to identify situations in which meaningful selection bias can occur. We… read more here.
Keywords: test negative; selection bias; study; negative studies ... See more keywords
Temporal Confounding in the Test Negative Design.
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DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa084
Abstract: In the test negative design, routine testing at healthcare facilities is leveraged to estimate the effectiveness of an intervention such as a vaccine. The odds of vaccination for individuals who test positive for a target… read more here.
Keywords: test negative; negative design; confounding test; temporal confounding ... See more keywords
Severity Adjustment in the Test-Negative Design.
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2021 at "American journal of epidemiology"
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab066
Abstract: The test-negative design is often used to estimate vaccine effectiveness in influenza studies, but has also been proposed in the context of other infectious diseases, such as cholera, dengue or Ebola. It was introduced as… read more here.
Keywords: severity adjustment; test negative; negative design; test ... See more keywords
The Causal Interpretation of "Overall Vaccine Effectiveness" in Test-Negative Studies.
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2021 at "American journal of epidemiology"
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab101
Abstract: Test-negative studies are commonly used to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). In a typical study, an "overall VE" estimate may be reported based on data from the entire sample. However, there may be heterogeneity in… read more here.
Keywords: negative studies; test negative; vaccine effectiveness;
Current Challenges with the Use of Test-Negative Designs for Modeling COVID-19 Vaccination and Outcomes.
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "American journal of epidemiology"
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac203
Abstract: The widespread testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection has facilitated the use of test-negative designs (TND) for modeling COVID-19 vaccination and outcomes. Despite the comprehensive literature on TND, the use of TND in COVID-19 studies is relatively… read more here.
Keywords: modeling covid; negative designs; vaccination outcomes; covid vaccination ... See more keywords
Immune correlates analysis using vaccinees from test negative designs.
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2020 at "Biostatistics"
DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxaa037
Abstract: Determining the effect of vaccine-induced immune response on disease risk is an important goal of vaccinology. Typically, immune correlates analyses are conducted prospectively with immune response measured shortly after vaccination and subsequent disease status regressed… read more here.
Keywords: test negative; response; immune correlates; disease ... See more keywords
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Over Time Prior to Omicron Emergence in Ontario, Canada: Test-Negative Design Study
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DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac449
Abstract: Abstract Background Waning protection from 2 doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines led to third dose availability in multiple countries even before the emergence of the Omicron variant. Methods We used the test-negative study… read more here.
Keywords: time; infection; symptomatic infection; covid vaccines ... See more keywords
Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case–Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2023 at "Open Forum Infectious Diseases"
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad172
Abstract: Abstract Background Despite the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, few studies have reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among these communities.… read more here.
Keywords: associated outpatient; visits hospitalizations; outpatient visits; covid ... See more keywords