Blocking ERK1/2 signaling impairs TGF-β1 tumor promoting function but enhances its tumor suppressing role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells
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DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0454-2
Abstract: BackgroundTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a paradoxical role in cancer: it suppresses proliferation at early stages but promotes metastasis at late stages. This cytokine is upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma and is implicated in cholangiocarcinoma invasion and… read more here.
Keywords: tgf tumor; invasion; erk1; role ... See more keywords