High-Performance Number Theoretic Transform on GPU Through radix2-CT and 4-Step Algorithms
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2025 at "IEEE Access"
DOI: 10.1109/access.2025.3570024
Abstract: The number theoretic transform (NTT) provides a practical and efficient technique to perform multiplication of very large degree polynomials typically found in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), lattice-based cryptography, and non-interactive succinct zero-knowledge proof systems such… read more here.
Keywords: number; performance; gpu; number theoretic ... See more keywords
Area-Efficient Number Theoretic Transform Architecture for Homomorphic Encryption
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2023 at "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers"
DOI: 10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225208
Abstract: Homomorphic encryption (HE) has emerged as an ideal cryptographic technology for meaningful computations on encrypted data. Not only does HE secure private information even if the ciphertext is leaked, but it also maintains data integrity… read more here.
Keywords: homomorphic encryption; area efficient; number; theoretic transform ... See more keywords
PipeNTT: A Pipelined Number Theoretic Transform Architecture
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs"
DOI: 10.1109/tcsii.2022.3184703
Abstract: Polynomial multiplication is the key and time-consuming operation among various operators in Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), which aims to find quantum-resistant algorithms to prevent attacks launched by quantum computers. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an efficient… read more here.
Keywords: tex math; theoretic transform; inline formula; architecture ... See more keywords
Rethinking Parallel Memory Access Pattern in Number Theoretic Transform Design
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2023 at "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs"
DOI: 10.1109/tcsii.2023.3260811
Abstract: Number theoretic transform (NTT) is widely applied as a fundamental component of next-generation cryptosystems. This brief introduces a novel high-low interactive memory access pattern for an out-of-place NTT design, which can be configurable in degree… read more here.
Keywords: memory access; number; theoretic transform; design ... See more keywords
MeNTT: A Compact and Efficient Processing-in-Memory Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) Accelerator
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2022 at "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems"
DOI: 10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3151321
Abstract: Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), exploiting learning with error (LWE) problems, is a promising candidate for postquantum cryptography. The number theoretic transform (NTT) is the latency- and energy-dominant process in the computation of LWE problems. This article… read more here.
Keywords: theoretic transform; ntt; compact efficient; number theoretic ... See more keywords
Efficient number theoretic transform accelerator for CRYSTALS-Kyber
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2024 at "Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science"
DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i2.pp795-803
Abstract: The national institute of standards and technology (NIST) has presented its draft of the module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism standard (MLBKEMS), choosing cryptographic suite for algebraic lattices (CRYSTALS)- Kyber as the base encryption. Existing hardware implementations of… read more here.
Keywords: number theoretic; crystals kyber; accelerator; theoretic transform ... See more keywords
Pipelined and conflict-free number theoretic transform accelerator for CRYSTALS-Kyber on FPGA
Sign Up to like & getrecommendations! Published in 2025 at "PLOS One"
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0333301
Abstract: Post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms are essential due to the threat posed by quantum computers to the security of currently deployed cryptosystems. CRYSTALS-Kyber, based on Lattice-based cryptography, has been standardized as the Public-Key Encryption and Key-Establishment… read more here.
Keywords: conflict free; number theoretic; crystals kyber; theoretic transform ... See more keywords